Bees can understand zero. Can you?
Zero is a mysterious and powerful number. Let’s not take it for granted. Subscribe to our channel! http://goo.gl/0bsAjO The number is a relatively new invention in the history of humans. And that is because zero isn’t intuitive for our brains to grasp. It has to be learned. But how we seized zero and forged it into a tool is still a mind-bending mystery. New research suggests the ability to fathom zero may be more widespread than previously thought in the animal kingdom. Australian scientists were able to teach bees to recognize zero as a quantity less than one, a task that confounds most human children under the age of 6. The result is kind of astounding, considering how tiny bee brains are. Watch the video above to learn how scientists taught bees to recognize zero.
ゼロ除算の発見は日本です：
∞？？？
∞は定まった数ではない・
人工知能はゼロ除算ができるでしょうか：
とても興味深く読みました：
ゼロ除算の発見と重要性を指摘した：日本、再生核研究所
ゼロ除算関係論文・本
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\title{\bf Announcement410 : What is mathematics? -- beyond logic; for great challengers on the division by zero\\
(2018.１.30.)}
\author{{\it Institute of Reproducing Kernels}\\
Kawauchi-cho, 5-1648-16,\\
Kiryu 376-0041, Japan\\
}
\date{\today}
\maketitle
The Institute of Reproducing Kernels is dealing with the theory of division by zero calculus and declares that the division by zero was discovered as $0/0=1/0=z/0=0$ in a natural sense on 2014.2.2. The result shows a new basic idea on the universe and space since Aristotelēs (BC384 - BC322) and Euclid (BC 3 Century - ), and the division by zero is since Brahmagupta (598 - 668 ?).
In particular, Brahmagupta defined as $0/0=0$ in Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta (628), however, our world history stated that his definition $0/0=0$ is wrong over 1300 years, but, we showed that his definition is suitable.
For the details, see the references and the site: http://okmr.yamatoblog.net/
We wrote a global book manuscript \cite{s18} with 154 pages
and stated that the division by zero is trivial and clear, and in the last section of the manuscript we stated as follows:
\bigskip
\bigskip
{\bf Conclusion}
\medskip
Apparently, the common sense on the division by zero with a long and mysterious history is wrong and our basic idea on the space around the point at infinity is also wrong since Euclid. On the gradient or on derivatives we have a great missing since $\tan (\pi/2) = 0$. Our mathematics is also wrong in elementary mathematics on the division by zero.
This book is an elementary mathematics on our division by zero as the first publication of books for the topics. The contents have wide connections to various fields beyond mathematics. The author expects the readers write some philosophy, papers and essays on the division by zero from this simple source book.
The division by zero theory may be developed and expanded greatly as in the author's conjecture whose break theory was recently given surprisingly and deeply by Professor Qi'an Guan \cite{guan} since 30 years proposed in \cite{s88} (the original is in \cite {s79}).
We have to arrange globally our modern mathematics with our division by zero in our undergraduate level.
We have to change our basic ideas for our space and world.
We have to change globally our textbooks and scientific books on the division by zero.
\bigskip
However, we have still curious situations and opinions for us on the division by zero; in particular, the two great challengers Jakub Czajko and Ilija Barukčić on the division by zero in connection with physics stated that we do not have the definition of the division $0/0$, however $0/0=1$.
They seem to think that a truth is based on physical objects and is not on our mathematics. In such a cases, we will not be able to continue discussions on the division by zero more, because for mathematicians, they will not be able to follow their logics more. However, then we will ask for the question that what are the values and contributions of your articles and discussions. We will expect some contributions, of course.
This question will reflect to mathematicians contrary. We stated for the estimation of mathematisc in \cite{s97}: Mathematics is the collection of relations and, good results are fundamental,
beautiful, and give
great good impacts to human beings.
With this estimation, we stated that the Euler formula
$$
e^{\pi i} = -1
$$
is the best result in mathematics in details in:
\medskip
No.81, May 2012(pdf 432kb)
www.jams.or.jp/kaiho/kaiho-81.pdf
\medskip
In order to show the importance of our division by zero and division by zero calculus we are requested to show their importance.
It seems that the long and mysterious confusions for the division by zero is on the definition. --
Indeed, when we consider the division by zero $a/0$ in the usual sense of the fundamental equation $0 \cdot z= a$, we have immediately the simple contradiction, however, we have such cases may happen, in particular, in mathematical formulas and physical formulas on the universe.
\bibliographystyle{plain}
\begin{thebibliography}{10}
\bibitem{bar}
I. Barukčić,
Dialectical Logic – Negation Of Classical Logic,
http://vixra.org/abs/1801.0256
\bibitem{jake}
J. Czajko, Algebraic division by zero implemented as quasigeometric multiplication by infinity in real and complex multispatial hyperspaces,
Available online at www.worldscientificnews.com
WSN 92(2) (2018) 171-197
\bibitem{guan}
Q. Guan, A proof of Saitoh's conjecture for conjugate Hardy H2 kernels, arXiv:1712.04207.
\bibitem{kmsy}
M. Kuroda, H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh, and M. Yamane,
New meanings of the division by zero and interpretations on $100/0=0$ and on $0/0=0$,
Int. J. Appl. Math. {\bf 27} (2014), no 2, pp. 191-198, DOI: 10.12732/ijam.v27i2.9.
\bibitem{ms16}
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Matrices and division by zero z/0=0,
Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory, {\bf 6}(2016), 51-58
Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/alamt
\\ http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2016.62007.
\bibitem{ms18}
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and singular integrals. (Submitted for publication)
\bibitem{mms18}
T. Matsuura, H. Michiwaki and S. Saitoh,
$\log 0= \log \infty =0$ and applications. Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.
\bibitem{msy}
H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh and M.Yamada,
Reality of the division by zero $z/0=0$. IJAPM International J. of Applied Physics and Math. {\bf 6}(2015), 1--8. http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
\bibitem{mos}
H. Michiwaki, H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Division by Zero $z/0 = 0$ in Euclidean Spaces,
International Journal of Mathematics and Computation, {\bf 2}8(2017); Issue 1, 2017), 1-16.
\bibitem{osm}
H. Okumura, S. Saitoh and T. Matsuura, Relations of $0$ and $\infty$,
Journal of Technology and Social Science (JTSS), {\bf 1}(2017), 70-77.
\bibitem{os}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh, The Descartes circles theorem and division by zero calculus. https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.04961 (2017.11.14).
\bibitem{o}
H. Okumura, Wasan geometry with the division by 0. https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.06947 International Journal of Geometry.
\bibitem{os18}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Applications of the division by zero calculus to Wasan geometry.
(Submitted for publication).
\bibitem{ps18}
S. Pinelas and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and differential equations. Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.
\bibitem{romig}
H. G. Romig, Discussions: Early History of Division by Zero,
American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. {\bf 3}1, No. 8. (Oct., 1924), pp. 387-389.
\bibitem{s97}
T. M. Rassias, Editor, Nonlinear Mathematical Analysis and Applications, HadronicPress,Palm Harbor,FL34682-1577,USA:ISBN1-57485-044-X,1998, pp.223–234: Nonlinear transforms and analyticity of functions, Saburou Saitoh.
\bibitem{s79}
S. Saitoh, The Bergman norm and the Szeg$\ddot{o}$ norm, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. {\bf 249} (1979), no. 2, 261--279.
\bibitem{s88}
S. Saitoh, Theory of reproducing kernels and its applications. Pitman Research Notes in Mathematics Series, {\bf 189}. Longman Scientific \& Technical, Harlow; copublished in the United States with John Wiley \& Sons, Inc., New York, 1988. x+157 pp. ISBN: 0-582-03564-3
\bibitem{s14}
S. Saitoh, Generalized inversions of Hadamard and tensor products for matrices, Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory. {\bf 4} (2014), no. 2, 87--95. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ALAMT/
\bibitem{s16}
S. Saitoh, A reproducing kernel theory with some general applications,
Qian,T./Rodino,L.(eds.): Mathematical Analysis, Probability and Applications - Plenary Lectures: Isaac 2015, Macau, China, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, {\bf 177}(2016), 151-182. (Springer) .
\bibitem{s17}
S. Saitoh, Mysterious Properties of the Point at Infinity、
arXiv:1712.09467 [math.GM](2017.12.17).
\bibitem{s18}
S. Saitoh, Division by zero calculus (154 pages: draft): （http://okmr.yamatoblog.net/）
\bibitem{ttk}
S.-E. Takahasi, M. Tsukada and Y. Kobayashi, Classification of continuous fractional binary operations on the real and complex fields, Tokyo Journal of Mathematics, {\bf 38}(2015), no. 2, 369-380.
\end{thebibliography}
\end{document}
List of division by zero:
\bibitem{os18}
H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Remarks for The Twin Circles of Archimedes in a Skewed Arbelos by H. Okumura and M. Watanabe, Forum Geometricorum.
Saburou Saitoh, Mysterious Properties of the Point at Infinity、
arXiv:1712.09467 [math.GM]
arXiv:1712.09467 [math.GM]
Hiroshi Okumura and Saburou Saitoh
The Descartes circles theorem and division by zero calculus. ２０１７．１１．１４
L. P. Castro and S. Saitoh, Fractional functions and their representations, Complex Anal. Oper. Theory {\bf7} (2013), no. 4, 1049-1063.
M. Kuroda, H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh, and M. Yamane,
New meanings of the division by zero and interpretations on $100/0=0$ and on $0/0=0$, Int. J. Appl. Math. {\bf 27} (2014), no 2, pp. 191-198, DOI: 10.12732/ijam.v27i2.9.
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Matrices and division by zero z/0=0,
Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory, 2016, 6, 51-58
Published Online June 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/alamt
\\ http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2016.62007.
T. Matsuura and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and singular integrals. (Submitted for publication).
T. Matsuura, H. Michiwaki and S. Saitoh,
$\log 0= \log \infty =0$ and applications. (Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics.)
H. Michiwaki, S. Saitoh and M.Yamada,
Reality of the division by zero $z/0=0$. IJAPM International J. of Applied Physics and Math. 6(2015), 1--8. http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
H. Michiwaki, H. Okumura and S. Saitoh,
Division by Zero $z/0 = 0$ in Euclidean Spaces,
International Journal of Mathematics and Computation, 28(2017); Issue 1, 2017), 1-16.
H. Okumura, S. Saitoh and T. Matsuura, Relations of $0$ and $\infty$,
Journal of Technology and Social Science (JTSS), 1(2017), 70-77.
S. Pinelas and S. Saitoh,
Division by zero calculus and differential equations. (Differential and Difference Equations with Applications. Springer Proceedings in Mathematics \& Statistics).
S. Saitoh, Generalized inversions of Hadamard and tensor products for matrices, Advances in Linear Algebra \& Matrix Theory. {\bf 4} (2014), no. 2, 87--95. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ALAMT/
S. Saitoh, A reproducing kernel theory with some general applications,
Qian,T./Rodino,L.(eds.): Mathematical Analysis, Probability and Applications - Plenary Lectures: Isaac 2015, Macau, China, Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, {\bf 177}(2016), 151-182. (Springer) .
2018.3.18．午前中 最後の講演： 日本数学会 東大駒場、函数方程式論分科会 講演書画カメラ用 原稿
The Japanese Mathematical Society, Annual Meeting at the University of Tokyo. 2018.3.18.
https://ameblo.jp/syoshinoris/entry-12361744016.html より
The Japanese Mathematical Society, Annual Meeting at the University of Tokyo. 2018.3.18.
https://ameblo.jp/syoshinoris/entry-12361744016.html より
*057 Pinelas,S./Caraballo,T./Kloeden,P./Graef,J.(eds.):
Differential and Difference Equations with Applications:
ICDDEA, Amadora, 2017.
(Springer Proceedings in Mathematics and Statistics, Vol. 230)
May 2018 587 pp.
ゼロ除算の論文が２編、出版になりました：
ICDDEA: International Conference on Differential & Difference Equations and Applications
Differential and Difference Equations with Applications
ICDDEA, Amadora, Portugal, June 2017
• Editors
• (view affiliations)
• Sandra Pinelas
• Tomás Caraballo
• Peter Kloeden
• John R. Graef
Conference proceedingsICDDEA 2017
log0=log∞=0log0=log∞=0 and Applications
Hiroshi Michiwaki, Tsutomu Matuura, Saburou Saitoh
Pages 293-305
Division by Zero Calculus and Differential Equations
Sandra Pinelas, Saburou Saitoh
Pages 399-418
ICDDEA: International Conference on Differential & Difference Equations and Applications
Differential and Difference Equations with Applications
ICDDEA, Amadora, Portugal, June 2017
• Editors
• (view affiliations)
• Sandra Pinelas
• Tomás Caraballo
• Peter Kloeden
• John R. Graef
Conference proceedingsICDDEA 2017
log0=log∞=0log0=log∞=0 and Applications
Hiroshi Michiwaki, Tsutomu Matuura, Saburou Saitoh
Pages 293-305
Division by Zero Calculus and Differential Equations
Sandra Pinelas, Saburou Saitoh
Pages 399-418
ゼロ除算（division by zero）1/0=0、0/0=0、z/0=0
2018年05月28日(月)
テーマ：数学
テーマ：数学
これは最も簡単な 典型的なゼロ除算の結果と言えます。 ユークリッド以来の驚嘆する、誰にも分る結果では ないでしょうか？
Hiroshi O. Is It Really Impossible To Divide By Zero?. Biostat Biometrics Open Acc J. 2018; 7(1): 555703. DOI: 10.19080/BBOJ.2018.07.555703
ゼロで分裂するのは本当に不可能ですか？ - Juniper Publishers
とても興味深くみました： ゼロ除算（division by zero）1/0=0、0/0=0、z/0=0 2018年05月28日(月) テーマ：数学 これは最も簡単な 典型的なゼロ除算の結果と言えます。 ユークリッド以来の驚嘆する、誰にも分る結果では ないでしょうか？ Hiroshi O. Is It Really Impossible To Divide By Zero?. Biostat Biometrics Open Acc J. 2018; 7(1): 555703. DOI: 10.19080/BBOJ.2018.07.555703 ゼロで分裂するのは本当に不可能ですか？ - Juniper Publishers ↓↓↓ https://juniperpublishers.com/bboaj/pdf/BBOAJ.MS.ID.555703.pdf ゼロ除算の発見と重要性を指摘した：日本、再生核研究所 2014年2月2日
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