Top 10 Most Influential Scientists MONGOOSE FEBRUARY 24, 2009

Top 10 Most Influential Scientists
MONGOOSE FEBRUARY 24, 2009
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This is part one of what will be a two part series on the most influential scientists in history. While these are not technically the “greatest” scientists, there is bound to be some overlap as the contributions that many of these men and women made to science are among the most important. Be sure to tell us who you think should be on the future list – we already have our second ten, but it might lead to a third or fourth.

10　Marie Curie
1867 – 1934
Curie.Jpg“One never notices what has been done; one can only see what remains to be done.”Polish physicist and chemist, Marie Curie was a pioneer in the field of radioactivity, the only person honored with Nobel Prizes in two different sciences, and the first female professor at the University of Paris. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and Warsaw. Her husband Pierre Curie was also a Nobel laureate, as were her daughter Irene Joliot-Curie and son-in-law Frederic Joliot-Curie. Her achievements include the creation of a theory of radioactivity (a term coined by her), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two new elements, radium and polonium. It was also under her personal direction that the world’s first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms (“cancers”), using radioactive isotopes. While an actively loyal French citizen, she never lost her sense of Polish identity. She named the first new chemical element that she discovered (1898) “polonium” for her native country, and in 1932 she founded a Radium Institute in her hometown Warsaw, headed by her physician-sister Bronis?awa.

9Alan Turing
1912 – 1954
Turing2.Jpg“Science is a differential equation. Religion is a boundary condition.”English mathematician and logician, Turing is often considered to be the father of modern computer science. He provided an influential formalization of the concept of the algorithm and computation with the Turing machine. With the Turing test, meanwhile, he made a significant and characteristically provocative contribution to the debate regarding artificial intelligence: whether it will ever be possible to say that a machine is conscious and can think. He later worked at the National Physical Laboratory, creating one of the first designs for a stored-program computer, the ACE, although it was never actually built in its full form. In 1948, he moved to the University of Manchester to work on the Manchester Mark I, then emerging as one of the world’s earliest true computers. During the Second World War, Turing worked at Bletchley Park, the UK’s code breaking centre, and was for a time head of Hut 8, the section responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine.

8　Niels Bohr
1885 – 1962
Neilsborh.Jpg“An expert is a man who has made all the mistakes which can be made in a very narrow field.”Niels Bohr was a Danish physicist who made fundamental contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Bohr’s work helped solve the problems classical physics could not explain about the nuclear model of the atom. He postulated that electrons moved in fixed orbits around the atom’s nucleus, and he explained how they emitted or absorbed energy. Bohr mentored and collaborated with many of the top physicists of the century at his institute in Copenhagen. He was also part of the team of physicists working on the Manhattan Project. One of his sons, Aage Niels Bohr, grew up to be an important physicist who, like his father, received the Nobel Prize, in 1975. Bohr has been described as one of the most influential physicists of the 20th century.

7　Max Planck
1858 – 1947
Maxplanck1878.Jpg“We have no right to assume that any physical laws exist, or if they have existed up to now, that they will continue to exist in a similar manner in the future.”Max Planck, a German physicist, is considered to be the founder of quantum theory, and one of the most important physicists of the twentieth century. Planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame rests primarily on his role as originator of the quantum theory. This theory revolutionized our understanding of atomic and subatomic processes, just as Albert Einstein’s theory of relativity revolutionized our understanding of space and time. Together they constitute the fundamental theories of 20th-century physics. His discoveries have led to industrial and military applications that affect every aspect of modern life.

6　Charles Darwin
1809 – 1882
070208 Darwin Vmed 10A.Widec.Jpg“I love fools’ experiments. I am always making them.”English naturalist and biologist, Darwin demonstrated that all species of life have evolved over time from common ancestors through the process he called natural selection. The fact that evolution occurs became accepted by the scientific community and the general public in his lifetime, while his theory of natural selection came to be widely seen as the primary explanation of the process of evolution in the 1930s, and now forms the basis of modern evolutionary theory. In modified form, Darwin’s scientific discovery remains the foundation of biology, as it provides a unifying logical explanation for the diversity of life. His 1859 book On the Origin of Species established evolution by common descent as the dominant scientific explanation of diversification in nature. He also examined human evolution and sexual selection in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex, followed by The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. In recognition of Darwin’s pre-eminence, he was one of only five 19th century UK non-royal personages to be honored by a state funeral.

5Leonardo da Vinci
1452 – 1519
Leonardo By Himself.Jpg“Anyone who conducts an argument by appealing to authority is not using his intelligence; he is just using his memory.”Leonardo da Vinci was an Italian polymath. He was an expert mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, painter, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician and writer. Leonardo has often been described as the archetype of the “Renaissance man”, a man whose seemingly infinite curiosity was equalled only by his powers of invention. Leonardo is revered for his technological ingenuity. He conceptualized a helicopter, a tank, concentrated solar power, a calculator, the double hull and outlined a rudimentary theory of plate tectonics. Relatively few of his designs were constructed or were even feasible during his lifetime, but some of his smaller inventions, such as an automated bobbin winder and a machine for testing the tensile strength of wire, entered the world of manufacturing unheralded. As a scientist, he greatly advanced the state of knowledge in the fields of anatomy, civil engineering, optics, and hydrodynamics.

4Galileo Galilei
1564 – 1642
Galileo.Jpg“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.”Galileo was an Italian physicist and astronomer. His achievements include improvements to the telescope and consequent astronomical observations, and support for Copernicanism. Galileo has been called the “father of modern observational astronomy”, the “father of modern physics”, the “father of science”, and “the Father of Modern Science.” The motion of uniformly accelerated objects, taught in nearly all high school and introductory college physics courses, was studied by Galileo as the subject of kinematics. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, named the Galilean moons in his honor, and the observation and analysis of sunspots. Galileo also worked in applied science and technology, improving compass design. Galileo’s championing of Copernicanism was controversial within his lifetime. The geocentric view had been dominant since the time of Aristotle, and the controversy engendered by Galileo’s presentation of heliocentrism as proven fact resulted in the Catholic Church’s prohibiting its advocacy because it was not empirically proven at the time. Galileo was eventually forced to recant his heliocentrism and spent the last years of his life under house arrest on orders of the Holy Inquisition.

3　Nikola Tesla
1856 – 1943
Nikola Tesla.Jpg“The scientists of today think deeply instead of clearly. One must be sane to think clearly, but one can think deeply and be quite insane.”Tesla was a Serbian engineer and inventor who is often described as the most important scientist and inventor of the modern age, a man who “shed light over the face of Earth”. He is best known for many revolutionary contributions in the field of electricity and magnetism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Tesla’s patents and theoretical work formed the basis of modern alternating current electric power (AC) systems, including the polyphase power distribution systems and the AC motor, with which he helped usher in the Second Industrial Revolution. Contemporary biographers of Tesla have regarded him as “The Father of Physics”, “The man who invented the twentieth century” and “the patron saint of modern electricity.” Aside from his work on electromagnetism and electromechanical engineering, Tesla has contributed in varying degrees to the establishment of robotics, remote control, radar and computer science, and to the expansion of ballistics, nuclear physics, and theoretical physics. In 1943, the Supreme Court of the United States credited him as being the inventor of the radio. Many of his achievements have been used, with some controversy, to support various pseudosciences, UFO theories, and early New Age occultism.

2　Albert Einstein
1879 – 1955
Albert-Einstein-At-Beach-1945-Celebrities-28954.Jpg“A man should look for what is, and not for what he thinks should be.”Einstein, a German physicist, is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically mass–energy equivalence, expressed by the equation E = mc2. Einstein received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics “for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect. Einstein’s many contributions to physics include his special theory of relativity, which reconciled mechanics with electromagnetism, and his general theory of relativity, which was intended to extend the principle of relativity to non-uniform motion and to provide a new theory of gravitation. His other contributions include advances in the fields of relativistic cosmology, capillary action, critical opalescence, classical problems of statistical mechanics and their application to quantum theory, an explanation of the Brownian movement of molecules, atomic transition probabilities, the quantum theory of a monatomic gas, thermal properties of light with low radiation density (which laid the foundation for the photon theory), a theory of radiation including stimulated emission, the conception of a unified field theory, and the geometrization of physics. Einstein published over 300 scientific works and over 150 non-scientific works. The physics community reveres Einstein, and in 1999 Time magazine named him the “Person of the Century”. In wider culture the name “Einstein” has become synonymous with genius.

1　Isaac Newton
1643 – 1727
Godfreykneller-Isaacnewton-1689.Jpg“To myself I am only a child playing on the beach, while vast oceans of truth lie undiscovered before me.”Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian and one of the most influential men in human history. His Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries and is the basis for modern engineering. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler’s laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution. In mechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he built the first “practical” reflecting telescope and developed a theory of color based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into a visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound. In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalized binomial theorem, developed the so-called “Newton’s method” for approximating the zeroes of a function, and contributed to the study of power series. Newton’s stature among scientists remains at the very top rank, as demonstrated by a 2005 survey of scientists in Britain’s Royal Society asking who had the greater effect on the history of science, Newton was deemed much more influential than Albert Einstein.This article is licensed under the GFDL because it contains quotations from Wikipedia.http://listverse.com/2009/02/24/top-10-most-influential-scientists/


再生核研究所声明312（2016.07.14）　ゼロ除算による　平成の数学改革を提案する

アリストテレス以来、あるいは西暦６２８年インドにおけるゼロの記録と、算術の確立以来、またアインシュタインの人生最大の懸案の問題とされてきた、ゼロで割る問題　ゼロ除算は、本質的に新しい局面を迎え、数学における基礎的な部分の欠落が明瞭になってきた。ここ７０年を越えても教科書や学術書における数学の基礎的な部分の変更は　かつて無かった事である。
そこで、最近の成果を基に現状における学術書、教科書の変更すべき大勢を外観して置きたい。特に、大学学部までの初等数学において、日本人の寄与は皆無であると言えるから、日本人が数学の基礎に貢献できる稀なる好機にもなるので、数学者、教育者など関係者の注意を換気したい。―　この文脈では稀なる日本人数学者　関孝和の業績が世界の数学に活かせなかったことは　誠に残念に思われる。
先ず、数学の基礎である四則演算において　ゼロでは割れない　との世の定説を改め、自然に拡張された分数、割り算で、いつでも四則演算は例外なく、可能であるとする。山田体の導入。その際、小学生から割り算や分数の定義を除算の意味で　繰り返し減法（道脇方式）で定義し、ゼロ除算は自明であるとし　計算機が割り算を行うような算法で　計算方法も指導する。―　この方法は割り算の簡明な算法として児童に歓迎されるだろう。
反比例の法則や関数y=1/xの出現の際には、その原点での値はゼロであると　定義する。その広範な応用は　学習過程の進展に従って　どんどん触れて行くこととする。
いわゆるユークリッド幾何学の学習においては、立体射影の概念に早期に触れ、ゼロ除算が拓いた新しい空間像を指導する。無限、無限の彼方の概念、平行線の概念、勾配の概念を変える必要がある。どのように、如何に、カリキュラムに取り組むかは、もちろん、慎重な検討が必要で、数学界、教育界などの関係者による国家的取り組み、協議が必要である。重要項目は、直角座標系で　ｙ軸の勾配はゼロであること。真無限における破壊現象、接線などの新しい性質、解析幾何学との美しい関係と調和。すべての直線が原点を代数的に通り、平行な２直線は原点で代数的に交わっていること。行列式と破壊現象の美しい関係など。
大学レベルになれば、微積分、線形代数、微分方程式、複素解析をゼロ除算の成果で修正、補充して行く。複素解析学におけるローラン展開の学習以前でも形式的なローラン展開(負べき項を含む展開)の中心の値をゼロ除算で定義し、広範な応用を展開する。特に微分係数が正や負の無限大の時、微分係数をゼロと修正することによって、微分法の多くの公式や定理の表現が簡素化され、教科書の結構な記述の変更が要求される。媒介変数を含む多くの関数族は、ゼロ除算　算法で統一的な視点が与えられる。多くの公式の記述が簡単になり、修正される。
複素解析学においては　無限遠点はゼロで表現されると、コペルニクス的変更（無限とされていたのが実はゼロだった）を行い、極の概念を次のように変更する。極、特異点の定義は　そのままであるが、それらの点の近傍で、限りなく無限の値に近づく値を位数まで込めて取るが、特異点では、ゼロ除算に言う、有限確定値をとるとする。その有限確定値のいろいろ幾何学な意味を学ぶ。古典的な鏡像の定説；原点の　原点を中心とする円の鏡像は無限遠点であるは、誤りであり、修正し、ゼロであると　いろいろな根拠によって説明する。これら、無限遠点の考えの修正は、ユークリッド以来、我々の空間に対する認識の世界史上に置ける大きな変更であり、数学を越えた世界観の変更を意味している。―　この文脈では天動説が地動説に変わった歴史上の事件が想起される。
ゼロ除算は　物理学を始め、広く自然科学や計算機科学への大きな影響が期待される。しかしながら、ゼロ除算の研究成果を教科書、学術書に遅滞なく取り入れていくことは、真智への愛、真理の追究の表現であり、四則演算が自由にできないとなれば、人類の名誉にも関わることである。ゼロ除算の発見は　日本の世界に置ける顕著な貢献として世界史に記録されるだろう。研究と活用の推進を　大きな夢を懐きながら　要請したい。
以　上
追記：
(2016) Matrices and Division by Zero z/0 = 0. Advances in Linear Algebra & Matrix Theory, 6, 51-58. 
http://www.scirp.org/journal/alamt　 　http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/alamt.2016.62007
http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
http://www.diogenes.bg/ijam/contents/2014-27-2/9/9.pdf DOI:10.12732/ijam.v27i2.9.

再生核研究所声明２００（2015.1.16）　ゼロ除算と複素解析の現状　―佐藤超関数論との関係が鍵か？

正確に次のように公開して複素解析とゼロ除算の研究を開始した：
特異点解明の歩み100/0=0,0/0=0　関係者：
複素解析学では、1/0として、無限遠点が存在して、美しい世界です。しかしながら、1/0=0　は　動かせない真実です。それで、勇気をもって進まざるを得ない：―　哲学とは　真智への愛　であり、真智とは　神の意志　のことである。哲学することは、人間の本能であり、それは　神の意志　であると考えられる。愛の定義は　声明１４６で与えられ、神の定義は　声明１２２と１３２で与えられている。―　再生核研究所声明１４８．
私には　無理かと思いますが、世の秀才の方々に　挑戦して頂きたい。空論に付き合うのはまっぴらだ　と考える方も多いかと思いますが、面白いと考えられる方で、楽しく交流できれば幸いです。宜しくお願い致します。　添付　物語を続けたい。２０１４．４．１．１１：１０

上記で、予想された難問、　解析関数は、孤立特異点で確定値をとる、が　自分でも予想しない形で解決でき、ある種の実体を捉えていると考えたのであるが、この結果自体、世のすべての教科書の内容を変える事件であるばかりではなく、確立されている無限遠点の概念に　新しい解釈を与えるもので、１次変換の美しい性質が、ゼロ除算の導入によって、任意の１次変換は　全複素平面を全複素平面に１対１　onto　に写すという美しい性質に変わるが、　極である１点において不連続性が現れ、ゼロ除算は、無限を　数から排除する数学になっている。
６月、帰国後、気に成っていた、金子晃先生の　３０年以上前に購入した超函数入門の本に　極めて面白い記述があり、佐藤超関数とゼロ除算の面白い関係が出てきた。さらに　特異積分におけるアダマールの有限部分や、コーシーの主値積分は、弾性体やクラック、破壊理論など広い世界で、自然現象を記述するのに用いられているが、面白いのは　積分が、もともと有限部分と発散部分に分けられ、　極限は　無限たす、有限量の形になっていて、積分は　実は、普通の積分ではなく、そこに現れる有限量を便宜的に表わしている。ところが、その有限量が実は、　ゼロ除算にいう、　解析関数の孤立特異点での　確定値に成っていることが分かった。これはゼロ除算の結果が、広く、自然現象を記述していることを示している。
現在まで、添付２１ページの論文原稿について　慎重に総合的に検討してきた。
そこで、問題の核心、ゼロ除算の発展の基礎は、次の論点に有るように感じられてきた：
We can find many applicable examples, for example, as a typical example in A. Kaneko (\cite{kaneko}, page 11) in the theory of hyperfunction theory: for non-integers $\lambda$, we have
\begin{equation}
x_+^{\lambda} = \left[ \frac{-(-z)^{\lambda}}{2i \sin \pi \lambda}\right] =\frac{1}{2i \sin \pi \lambda}\{(-x + i0)^{\lambda}- (-x - i0)^{\lambda}\}
\end{equation}
where the left hand side is a Sato hyperfunction and the middle term is the representative analytic function whose meaning is given by the last term. For an integer $n$, Kaneko derived that
\begin{equation}
x_+^{n} = \left[- \frac{z^n}{2\pi i} \log (-z) \right],
\end{equation}
where $\log$ is a principal value: $ \{ - \pi < \arg z < +\pi \}$. Kaneko stated there that by taking a finite part of the Laurent expansion, the formula is derived. 
Indeed, we have the expansion, for around $ n$, integer
$$
\frac{-(-z)^{\lambda}}{2i \sin \pi \lambda}
$$
\begin{equation}
= \frac{- z^n}{2\pi i} \frac{1}{\lambda -n} - \frac{z^n}{2\pi i} \log (-z )
- \left( \frac{\log^2 (-z) z^n}{2\pi i\cdot 2!} + \frac{\pi z^n}{2i\cdot 3!}
\right)(\lambda - n) + ... 
\end{equation}
(\cite{kaneko}, page 220).
By our Theorem 2, however, we can derive this result (4.3) from the Laurant expansion (4.4), immediately.
上記ローラン展開で、\lambda に n　を代入したのが　ちょうど　n に対する佐藤の超関数になっている。それは、ゼロ除算に言う、　孤立特異点における解析関数の極における確定値である。これはゼロ除算そのものと殆ど等価であるから、ローラン展開に　\lambda = n を代入した意味を、上記の佐藤超関数の理論は述べているので　上記の結果を分析すれば、ゼロ除算のある本質を捉えることができるのではないかと考えられる。
佐藤超関数は　日本で生まれた、基本的な数学で　優秀な人材を有している。また、それだけ高級、高度化しているが、このような初歩的、基本的な問題に関係がある事が明らかになってきた。そこで、佐藤超関数論の専門家の方々の研究参加が望まれ、期待される。また、関係者の助言やご意見をお願いしたい。
ゼロ除算における新現象、驚きとは　Aristotélēs　の世界観、universe　は連続である　を否定して、強力な不連続性を　universe　の現象として示していることである。
以　上


考えてはいけないことが、考えられるようになった。 
説明できないことが説明できることになった。
ゼロの発見には大きく分けると二つの事が在ると言われています。
一つは数学的に、位取りが出来るということ。今一つは、哲学的に無い状態が在るという事実を知ること。http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1462816269

もし1+1=2を否定するならば、どのような方法があると思いますか？ http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q12153951522 #知恵袋_
一つの無限と一つの∞を足したら、一つの無限で、二つの無限にはなりません。


7歳の少女が、当たり前であると言っているゼロ除算を　多くの大学教授が、信じられない結果と言っているのは、まことに奇妙な事件と言えるのではないでしょうか。


世界中で、ゼロ除算は　不可能　か　
可能とすれば　∞　　だと考えられていたが・・・
しかし、ゼロ除算　はいつでも可能で、解は　いつでも0であるという意外な結果が得られた。

１/０＝∞　（これは、今の複素解析学） １/０=０　（これは、新しい数学で、Division by Zero）

原点を中心とする単位円に関する原点の鏡像は、どこにあるのでしょうか・・・・
∞ では無限遠点はどこにあるのでしょうか・・・・・

無限遠点は存在するが、無限大という数は存在しない・・・・

地球平面説→地球球体説
天動説→地動説
何年かかったでしょうか????

1/0=∞若しくは未定義　→1/0=0
何年かかるでしょうか????

Title page of Leonhard Euler, Vollständige Anleitung zur Algebra, Vol. 1 (edition of 1771, first published in 1770), and p. 34 from Article 83, where Euler explains why a number divided by zero gives infinity.
https://notevenpast.org/dividing-nothing/
割り算のできる人には、どんなことも難しくない

世の中には多くのむずかしいものがあるが、加減乗除の四則演算ほどむずかしいものはほかにない。

ベーダ・ヴェネラビリス

数学名言集：ヴィルチェンコ編：松野武　山崎昇　訳大竹出版1989年


数学で「A÷０」（ゼロで割る）がダメな理由を教えてください。 http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1411588849 #知恵袋_

multiplication・・・・・増える 掛け算（×） 1より小さい数を掛けたら小さくなる。 大きくなるとは限らない。

0×0=0・・・・・・・・・だから0で割れないと考えた。

ビッグバン宇宙論と定常宇宙論について、http://detail.chiebukuro.yahoo.co.jp/qa/question_detail/q1243254887 #知恵袋_

ゼロ除算（100/0=0, 0/0=0）が、当たり前だと最初に言った人は誰でしょうか・・・・ 
1+1=2が当たり前のように


『ゼロをめぐる衝突は、哲学、科学、数学、宗教の土台を揺るがす争いだった』 ⇒ http://ameblo.jp/syoshinoris/entry-12089827553.html … …　→ゼロ除算（100/0=0, 0/0=0）が、当たり前だと最初に言った人は誰でしょうか・・・ 1+1=2が当たり前のように、

1÷0=0 
1÷0=∞・・・・数ではない 
1÷0=不定・未定義・・・・狭い考え方をすれば、できない人にはできないが、できる人にはできる。

アラビア数字の伝来と洋算 - tcp-ip

http://www.tcp-ip.or.jp/~n01/math/arabic_number.pdf
明治5年（1872）

ゼロ除算の証明・図｜ysaitoh｜note（ノート） https://note.mu/ysaitoh/n/n2e5fef564997

Ｑ）ピラミッドの高さを無限に高くしたら体積はどうなるでしょうか？？？ Ａ）答えは何と0です。 ゼロ除算の結果です。

ゼロ除算は1+1より優しいです。 何でも0で割れば、０ですから、簡単で美しいです。 1+1=２は　変なのが出てくるので難しいですね。

∞÷0はいくつですか・・・・・・・

∞とはなんですか・・・・・・・・

分からないものは考えられません・・・・・



Reality of the Division by Zero z/0 = 0
http://www.ijapm.org/show-63-504-1.html
http://okmr.yamatoblog.net/
1人当たり何個になるかと説いていますが、1人もいないのですから、その問題は意味をなさない。
よってこれは、はじめから問題になりません。
ついでですが、これには数学的に確定した解があって　それは0であるという事が、最近発見されました。


Impact of 'Division by Zero' in Einstein's Static Universe and ...
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Impact of 'Division by Zero' in Einstein's Static Universe and Newton's Equations in Classical Mechanics. Ajay Sharma physicsajay@yahoo.com. Community Science Centre. Post Box 107 Directorate of Education Shimla 171001 India.

http://gsjournal.net/Science-Journals/Research%20Papers-Relativity%20Theory/Download/2084